1 Preface by S. Bolognini President of IPA

Dear Colleagues,
On behalf of the IPA Board, I want to send our sincere congratulations and thanks for this third edition of the Open Door Review, which continues this circulation process of psychoanalytic research.
It is easy to see how this Review will be extremely stimulating not only for professional psychoanalysts, but also for all those who are involved in research organisations, universities and mental health bodies.
The majority of people, many analysts included, are not aware of the tremendous work done year after year by the researchers in our field, and this publication will opportunely provide them with something that is much needed today: the meaningful outcome of empirical research, a parallel dimension which scientifically integrates the better known clinical research.
Furthermore, few people know that the IPA finances many of these research plans, and that each year the IPA spends up to 20% of our total activity budget on funding research.
I want to Committee Chair, Mark Solms, Co-Chairs Ricardo Eugenio thank all our prestigious colleagues of the IPA Research Board area: to Ricardo Bernardi, Robert Galatzer-Levy and Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber, as well as Horst Kächele and all those who have contributed to this excellent new edition.
As IPA Members, we are proud and grateful for this remarkable scientific contribution.
It shows once more how the contemporary psychoanalytic community wants to actively keep itself updated and connected with a larger empiric research vision, which can confirm and strengthen its clinical and theoretical achievements and provide evidence on the efficacy of psychoanalysis to the whole scientific community.
So, welcome to this third edition of the Open Door Review!
Stefano Bolognini
President of the International Psychoanalytical Association
July 2015 

• Namen:
• Bolognini S

2 Preface by M. Solms Chair of the Research Committee of the IPA

In my capacity as Chair of the Research Committee, I would like to add my sincere thanks and congratulations to those of Stefano Bolognini, President of the Psychoanalytical Association, on the occasion of the publication of this Third Edition of the Open Door Review. It is a major resource to our field, and its Editors have performed a great service to international psychoanalysis.
In this edition, they have not only provided us with an accessible overview of the current standing of outcome research with psychoanalytical treatments of various kinds, in various clinical populations, but also with an equally readable overview of the current standing of process research -- which is so important for understanding the therapeutic mechanism of psychoanalysis -- and also with a sophisticated introduction to the epistemological and methodological context within which this research was conducted, and with other related material.

• Stichworte:
• preface

• Namen:
• Solms M

3 Introduction to the Third Edition

The second edition of the Open Door Review published in 20021 review has been a considerable success. That document was produced by a collaborative effort of the Research Committee of the International Psychoanalytic Association (main editor: Peter Fonagy). It covered many of the studies of the outcome of psychoanalytic treatment carried out in Europe and North America over the past decades. The document was intended as a resource to those who wish to further their knowledge of the area. It did not pretend to be much more than a collection of abstracts of work carried out by psychoanalytic researchers. It did not, for example, claim to provide a coherent integrated narrative of outcome research nor does it intend to offer conclusions concerning the efficacy of psychoanalysis as a form of treatment for mental disorder.
Since then many years have passed without providing an update. Now the Research Committee of the IPA headed now by Mark Solms has commissioned a third edition and invited us to take care of this task. Inspired by the success of the previous versions, we have shouldered this task. Our policy was guided by the idea that the main adressees are the clinicians of psychoanalysis that should be encouraged to sift through the growing bulk of outcome and process studies that have been performed during the last decade. Although the focus of the Open Door Review remains on process and outcome research in psychoanalysis, we would like to pronounce that contemporary psychoanalysis research can not be restricted to these two domains. As Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber discusses in her short introductiory chapter: In the hundred years of psychoanalysis not only a plurality of theories has been developed but also a plurality of research procedures, which is an indicator for any mature scientific discipline. Dominique Scarfone elaborates this point of view in his introductory chapter on conceptual research in psychoanalysis referring to the French tradition in psychoanalysis. Ricardo Bernardi summarizes some of the research traditions in South America illustrating that we also have a plurality of different research cultures within the IPA.
In the second chapter Peter Fonagy gives an excellent overview of methodological challenges in process and outcome research.
Psychoanalytic research projects have been proliferating. Especially the genre of sophisticated outcome studies have become more powerful in their scope and clincial relevance.
Research reports have appeared in prestigious peer-reviewed psychiatric and psychological journals, and advances in measurement and statistical technology have been made. There is no doubt that psychoanalytic research is –due to its specific research subject, unconscious fantasies and processes – more complex and challenging compared to other schools. It is nevertheless a surprising fact that whenever the effectiveness of the method is fairly and appropriately assessed, it yields effect sizes comparable with other therapeutic approaches. No doubt, the Mental Health institutions in many countries demand to meet the challenge of costs and increasingly undertake cost-benefit and cost effectiveness analyses. However, as recent meta-analyses have demonstrated, for serious psychological disorders such as depression and generalized anxiety, longer psychodynamic-psychoanalytic treatments do generate have substantial effects. As information about the cost of mental illness becomes more comprehensive and as the cost of psychological distress is increasingly recognized, it is clear that the psychoanalytic approach will emerge as a valid and viable alternative for the treatment of mental disorder, notwithstanding the allure of more appealingly packaged alternatives.
If you look at the sections of the third edition, we hope you will agree with us that a new edition was the only way to go. Considerable progress has been made over the years, and we felt this should be reflected in the review. We decided to summarized outcome and process studies which had been published after 2000 (for earlier studies: see Second Edition). We also include some few examples of systematic clinical research, conceptual research, some clinical case studies and some studies from the growing field of nNeuropsychoanalysis (Chapter 3,e.f,g.h). We decided not to include the large field of psychoanalytical studies in developmental and prevention research.

Assuming that the relevant readership would the psychoanalytic clincians we decided to omit the section on measures as the second edition is still available on IPA´s homepage (http://www.ipa.org.uk/IPA_Docs/Open%20Door%202002.pdf).
For all potential contributors that we missed or who did not submit in time there is the good news that we plan a net-based version of the ODR-3 that will allow to easily add, update or even delete contributions .

As members of the research committee of the IPA we are proud of what we have been able to produce and we are grateful for the support and encouragement we have received from the IPA administration.

As mark of our gratitude we are pleased to dedicate this volume to the former president of the IPA, Robert S. Wallerstein, who sadly passed away some months ago. He was one of the first presidents of the IPA who consistently and courageously supported research and tried to build bridges between clinicans and researchers.

Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber & Horst Kächele
Editors in commission of the Research Committee of the IPA
July 2015

• Stichworte:
• ODR-3,
• preface

• Namen:
• Kächele H,
• Leuzinger-Bohleber M